011-从零搭建微服务-接口文档（一）

080

写在最前

如果这个项目让你有所收获，记得 Star 关注哦，这对我是非常不错的鼓励与支持。

源码地址（后端）：gitee.com/csps/mingyu…

源码地址（前端）：gitee.com/csps/mingyu…

文档地址：gitee.com/csps/mingyu…

开胃小菜

如果对接口文档不了解可以先看看下面的一些推荐阅读，简单了解一哈，不过已经不推荐使用了，之前使用 SpringFox 实现的。

首先 SpringFox 停止维护，很多 Bug 也不会修复了，其次 SpringDoc 基于 javadoc 无注解零入侵生成规范的 Openapi 结构体是行业规范，很多工具都支持接入，如：Apifox、Postman等。

SpringFox 与 SpringDoc 注解差异

Swagger SpringDoc JavaDoc
@jApi(name = “xxx”) @Tag(name = “xxx”) java类注释第一行
@Api(description= “xxx”) @Tag(description= “xxx”) java类注释
@ApiOperation @Operation java方法注释
@ApiIgnore @Hidden 无
@ApiParam @Parameter java方法@param参数注释
@ApiImplicitParam @Parameter java方法@param参数注释
@ApiImplicitParams @Parameters 多个@param参数注释
@ApiModel @Schema java实体类注释
@ApiModelProperty @Schema java属性注释
@ApiModelProperty(hidden = true) @Schema(accessMode = READ_ONLY) 无
@ApiResponse @ApiResponse java方法@return返回值注释

mingyue-gateway

引入依赖

<!-- 接口文档 -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
  <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-webflux-ui</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 接口文档 -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
  <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-webflux-ui</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 接口文档 -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
  <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-webflux-ui</artifactId>
</dependency>

SpringDocConfiguration

该类作为 Swagger 接口文档的聚合配置类，统一从网关入口进入 Swagger 文档中心。

@ConditionalOnProperty 注解用来指定如果配置文件中未进行对应属性配置时的默认处理：默认情况下matchIfMissing 为 false，也就是说如果未进行属性配置，则自动配置不生效。如果 matchIfMissing 为 true，则表示如果没有对应的属性配置，则自动配置默认生效。

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
public class SpringDocConfiguration {
  
  /**
   * 当 swagger.enabled = true 向 Bean 容器中注册改对象
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  @Lazy(false)
  @ConditionalOnProperty(name = "swagger.enabled", havingValue = "true", matchIfMissing = true)
  public List<GroupedOpenApi> apis(SwaggerUiConfigParameters swaggerUiConfigParameters,
                   SwaggerDocProperties swaggerProperties) {
    List<GroupedOpenApi> groups = new ArrayList<>();
    // 读取配置服务，添加接口分组，以服务为纬度进行分组
    for (String value : swaggerProperties.getServices().values()) {
      swaggerUiConfigParameters.addGroup(value);
    }
    return groups;
  }
  
  @Data
  @Component
  @ConfigurationProperties("swagger")
  public class SwaggerDocProperties {
​
    private Map<String, String> services;
  
  }
}
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
public class SpringDocConfiguration {
  
  /**
   * 当 swagger.enabled = true 向 Bean 容器中注册改对象
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  @Lazy(false)
  @ConditionalOnProperty(name = "swagger.enabled", havingValue = "true", matchIfMissing = true)
  public List<GroupedOpenApi> apis(SwaggerUiConfigParameters swaggerUiConfigParameters,
                   SwaggerDocProperties swaggerProperties) {
    List<GroupedOpenApi> groups = new ArrayList<>();
    // 读取配置服务，添加接口分组，以服务为纬度进行分组
    for (String value : swaggerProperties.getServices().values()) {
      swaggerUiConfigParameters.addGroup(value);
    }
    return groups;
  }
  
  @Data
  @Component
  @ConfigurationProperties("swagger")
  public class SwaggerDocProperties {
​

    private Map<String, String> services;
  
  }
}
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
public class SpringDocConfiguration {
  
  /**
   * 当 swagger.enabled = true 向 Bean 容器中注册改对象
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  @Lazy(false)
  @ConditionalOnProperty(name = "swagger.enabled", havingValue = "true", matchIfMissing = true)
  public List<GroupedOpenApi> apis(SwaggerUiConfigParameters swaggerUiConfigParameters,
                   SwaggerDocProperties swaggerProperties) {
    List<GroupedOpenApi> groups = new ArrayList<>();
    // 读取配置服务，添加接口分组，以服务为纬度进行分组
    for (String value : swaggerProperties.getServices().values()) {
      swaggerUiConfigParameters.addGroup(value);
    }
    return groups;
  }
  
  @Data
  @Component
  @ConfigurationProperties("swagger")
  public class SwaggerDocProperties {
​

    private Map<String, String> services;
  
  }
}

Nacos 添加配置 application-common.yml

swagger:
    # 是否开启接口文档
    enabled: true
    title: MingYue Swagger API
    gateway: http://${GATEWAY_HOST:mingyue-gateway}:${GATEWAY-PORT:9100}
    token-url: ${swagger.gateway}/auth/oauth2/token
    scope: server
    services:
        mingyue-system-biz: system
        mingyue-auth: auth
swagger:

    # 是否开启接口文档

    enabled: true
    title: MingYue Swagger API
    gateway: http://${GATEWAY_HOST:mingyue-gateway}:${GATEWAY-PORT:9100}
    token-url: ${swagger.gateway}/auth/oauth2/token
    scope: server
    services:
        mingyue-system-biz: system
        mingyue-auth: auth
swagger:

    # 是否开启接口文档

    enabled: true
    title: MingYue Swagger API
    gateway: http://${GATEWAY_HOST:mingyue-gateway}:${GATEWAY-PORT:9100}
    token-url: ${swagger.gateway}/auth/oauth2/token
    scope: server
    services:
        mingyue-system-biz: system
        mingyue-auth: auth

mingyue-common-doc

mingyue-common-doc 为本章节新增模块，主要用来管理微服务接口文档模块的依赖与配置

引入依赖

<dependencies>
  <!-- 接口文档 v3 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
    <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-webmvc-core</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  <!-- 引入 swagger 页面 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
    <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-ui</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>io.swagger.core.v3</groupId>
    <artifactId>swagger-annotations</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-commons</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencies>
  <!-- 接口文档 v3 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
    <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-webmvc-core</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  <!-- 引入 swagger 页面 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
    <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-ui</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>io.swagger.core.v3</groupId>
    <artifactId>swagger-annotations</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-commons</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencies>
  <!-- 接口文档 v3 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
    <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-webmvc-core</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  <!-- 引入 swagger 页面 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
    <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-ui</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>io.swagger.core.v3</groupId>
    <artifactId>swagger-annotations</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-commons</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

添加配置项

/**
 * SwaggerProperties
 *
 * @author Strive
 * @date 2023/6/22 11:00
 */
@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "swagger")
public class SwaggerProperties {
​
  /**
   * 是否开启 swagger
   */
  private Boolean enabled = true;
​
  /**
   * swagger 会解析的包路径
   **/
  private String basePackage = "";
​
  /**
   * swagger 会解析的 url 规则
   **/
  private List<String> basePath = new ArrayList<>();
​
  /**
   * 在 basePath 基础上需要排除的 url 规则
   **/
  private List<String> excludePath = new ArrayList<>();
​
  /**
   * 需要排除的服务
   */
  private List<String> ignoreProviders = new ArrayList<>();
​
  /**
   * 标题
   **/
  private String title = "";
​
  /**
   * 网关
   */
  private String gateway;
​
  /**
   * 获取 token
   */
  private String tokenUrl;
​
  /**
   * 作用域
   */
  private String scope;
​
  /**
   * 服务转发配置
   */
  private Map<String, String> services;
​
}
/**
 * SwaggerProperties
 *
 * @author Strive
 * @date 2023/6/22 11:00
 */
@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "swagger")
public class SwaggerProperties {
​
  /**
   * 是否开启 swagger
   */
  private Boolean enabled = true;
​
  /**
   * swagger 会解析的包路径
   **/
  private String basePackage = "";
​
  /**
   * swagger 会解析的 url 规则
   **/
  private List<String> basePath = new ArrayList<>();
​

  /**
   * 在 basePath 基础上需要排除的 url 规则
   **/
  private List<String> excludePath = new ArrayList<>();
​
  /**
   * 需要排除的服务
   */
  private List<String> ignoreProviders = new ArrayList<>();
​

  /**
   * 标题
   **/
  private String title = "";
​
  /**
   * 网关
   */
  private String gateway;
​
  /**
   * 获取 token
   */
  private String tokenUrl;
​
  /**
   * 作用域
   */
  private String scope;
​
  /**
   * 服务转发配置
   */
  private Map<String, String> services;
​
}
/**
 * SwaggerProperties
 *
 * @author Strive
 * @date 2023/6/22 11:00
 */
@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "swagger")
public class SwaggerProperties {
​
  /**
   * 是否开启 swagger
   */
  private Boolean enabled = true;
​
  /**
   * swagger 会解析的包路径
   **/
  private String basePackage = "";
​
  /**
   * swagger 会解析的 url 规则
   **/
  private List<String> basePath = new ArrayList<>();
​

  /**
   * 在 basePath 基础上需要排除的 url 规则
   **/
  private List<String> excludePath = new ArrayList<>();
​
  /**
   * 需要排除的服务
   */
  private List<String> ignoreProviders = new ArrayList<>();
​

  /**
   * 标题
   **/
  private String title = "";
​
  /**
   * 网关
   */
  private String gateway;
​
  /**
   * 获取 token
   */
  private String tokenUrl;
​
  /**
   * 作用域
   */
  private String scope;
​
  /**
   * 服务转发配置
   */
  private Map<String, String> services;
​
}

SwaggerAutoConfiguration

该类作为 Swagger 自动配置类，提供给需要接入 Swagger 文档的微服务们～

import com.csp.mingyue.doc.support.SwaggerProperties;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.OpenAPI;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.Info;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.security.SecurityRequirement;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.security.SecurityScheme;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.servers.Server;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springdoc.core.SpringDocConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingClass;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
​
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
​
/**
 * Swagger 配置
 *
 * @author Strive
 */
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@AutoConfiguration(before = SpringDocConfiguration.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "swagger.enabled", havingValue = "true", matchIfMissing = true)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(SwaggerProperties.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingClass("org.springframework.cloud.gateway.config.GatewayAutoConfiguration")
public class SwaggerAutoConfiguration {
​
  private final SwaggerProperties swaggerProperties;
​
  private final ServiceInstance serviceInstance;
​
  @Bean
  public OpenAPI springOpenAPI() {
    OpenAPI openAPI = new OpenAPI().info(new Info().title(swaggerProperties.getTitle()));
​
    // oauth2.0 password
    openAPI.addSecurityItem(new SecurityRequirement().addList(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION));
    openAPI.schemaRequirement(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, this.securityScheme());
​
    // servers 提供调用的接口地址前缀（敲黑板，重点！！！！）
    List<Server> serverList = new ArrayList<>();
    String path = swaggerProperties.getServices().get(serviceInstance.getServiceId());
    serverList.add(new Server().url(swaggerProperties.getGateway() + "/" + path));
    openAPI.servers(serverList);
​
    return openAPI;
  }
​
  /**
   * 全局添加 token
   * @return SecurityScheme
   */
  private SecurityScheme securityScheme() {
    SecurityScheme securityScheme = new SecurityScheme();
    // 类型
    securityScheme.setType(SecurityScheme.Type.APIKEY);
    // 请求头的 name
    securityScheme.setName(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION);
    // token 所在位置
    securityScheme.setIn(SecurityScheme.In.HEADER);
    return securityScheme;
  }
​
}
import com.csp.mingyue.doc.support.SwaggerProperties;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.OpenAPI;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.Info;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.security.SecurityRequirement;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.security.SecurityScheme;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.servers.Server;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springdoc.core.SpringDocConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingClass;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
​
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
​
/**
 * Swagger 配置
 *
 * @author Strive
 */
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@AutoConfiguration(before = SpringDocConfiguration.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "swagger.enabled", havingValue = "true", matchIfMissing = true)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(SwaggerProperties.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingClass("org.springframework.cloud.gateway.config.GatewayAutoConfiguration")
public class SwaggerAutoConfiguration {
​
  private final SwaggerProperties swaggerProperties;
​
  private final ServiceInstance serviceInstance;
​

  @Bean
  public OpenAPI springOpenAPI() {
    OpenAPI openAPI = new OpenAPI().info(new Info().title(swaggerProperties.getTitle()));
​
    // oauth2.0 password
    openAPI.addSecurityItem(new SecurityRequirement().addList(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION));
    openAPI.schemaRequirement(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, this.securityScheme());
​
    // servers 提供调用的接口地址前缀（敲黑板，重点！！！！）
    List<Server> serverList = new ArrayList<>();
    String path = swaggerProperties.getServices().get(serviceInstance.getServiceId());
    serverList.add(new Server().url(swaggerProperties.getGateway() + "/" + path));
    openAPI.servers(serverList);
​
    return openAPI;
  }
​
  /**
   * 全局添加 token
   * @return SecurityScheme
   */
  private SecurityScheme securityScheme() {
    SecurityScheme securityScheme = new SecurityScheme();
    // 类型
    securityScheme.setType(SecurityScheme.Type.APIKEY);
    // 请求头的 name
    securityScheme.setName(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION);
    // token 所在位置
    securityScheme.setIn(SecurityScheme.In.HEADER);
    return securityScheme;
  }
​
}
import com.csp.mingyue.doc.support.SwaggerProperties;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.OpenAPI;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.Info;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.security.SecurityRequirement;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.security.SecurityScheme;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.servers.Server;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springdoc.core.SpringDocConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingClass;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
​
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
​
/**
 * Swagger 配置
 *
 * @author Strive
 */
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@AutoConfiguration(before = SpringDocConfiguration.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "swagger.enabled", havingValue = "true", matchIfMissing = true)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(SwaggerProperties.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingClass("org.springframework.cloud.gateway.config.GatewayAutoConfiguration")
public class SwaggerAutoConfiguration {
​
  private final SwaggerProperties swaggerProperties;
​
  private final ServiceInstance serviceInstance;
​

  @Bean
  public OpenAPI springOpenAPI() {
    OpenAPI openAPI = new OpenAPI().info(new Info().title(swaggerProperties.getTitle()));
​
    // oauth2.0 password
    openAPI.addSecurityItem(new SecurityRequirement().addList(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION));
    openAPI.schemaRequirement(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, this.securityScheme());
​
    // servers 提供调用的接口地址前缀（敲黑板，重点！！！！）
    List<Server> serverList = new ArrayList<>();
    String path = swaggerProperties.getServices().get(serviceInstance.getServiceId());
    serverList.add(new Server().url(swaggerProperties.getGateway() + "/" + path));
    openAPI.servers(serverList);
​
    return openAPI;
  }
​
  /**
   * 全局添加 token
   * @return SecurityScheme
   */
  private SecurityScheme securityScheme() {
    SecurityScheme securityScheme = new SecurityScheme();
    // 类型
    securityScheme.setType(SecurityScheme.Type.APIKEY);
    // 请求头的 name
    securityScheme.setName(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION);
    // token 所在位置
    securityScheme.setIn(SecurityScheme.In.HEADER);
    return securityScheme;
  }
​
}

Nacos 添加配置 mingyue-gateway.yml

这一小节非常重要，我在这儿卡了很久很久，网关一直聚合微服务文档不成功

由于 SpringDoc 不允许自定义分组机制的默认行为来更改生成的路径，因此我们需要在网关配置中添加一个新的路由定义。它将路径重写 /v3/api-docs/{SERVICE_NAME} 为 /{SERVICE_NAME}/v3/api-docs，由另一个负责与 Nacos 发现交互的路由处理。

# 固定路由转发配置 无修改
- id: openapi
  uri: lb://mingyue-gateway
  predicates:
    - Path=/v3/api-docs/**
  filters:
    - RewritePath=/v3/api-docs/(?<path>.*), /${path}/v3/api-docs
# 固定路由转发配置 无修改
- id: openapi
  uri: lb://mingyue-gateway
  predicates:
    - Path=/v3/api-docs/**
  filters:
    - RewritePath=/v3/api-docs/(?<path>.*), /${path}/v3/api-docs
# 固定路由转发配置 无修改
- id: openapi
  uri: lb://mingyue-gateway
  predicates:
    - Path=/v3/api-docs/**
  filters:
    - RewritePath=/v3/api-docs/(?<path>.*), /${path}/v3/api-docs

如：http://mingyue-gateway:9100/v3/api-docs/system => http://mingyue-gateway:9100/system/v3/api-docs

启动测试

Swagger 地址

swagger-ui: http://mingyue-gateway:9100/swagger-ui.html

api-docs: http://mingyue-gateway:9100/system/v3/api-docs/

进入 swagger-ui 页面，通过 Select a definition 选择服务 system

image-20230622205045693

选择接口，点击 Try it out 测试接口

image-20230622204204586

关闭 Swagger

通过 Nacos 配置 application-common.yml

swagger:
    # 是否开启接口文档
    enabled: false
swagger:

    # 是否开启接口文档

    enabled: false
swagger:

    # 是否开启接口文档

    enabled: false

再次刷新接口文档，出现以下页面 No operations defined in spec!

image-20230622210829429

小结

至此，SpringCloud Gateway 整合 SpringDoc 聚合其他微服务接口文档已经完成啦～

下一节再将还有一些需要完善的补充完整，休息休息～

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文章版权归作者所有，未经允许请勿转载，侵权请联系 admin@trc20.tw 删除。
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