Linux 内核设备驱动程序的IO寄存器访问 (下)

Linux 内核设备驱动程序通过 devm_regmap_init_mmio() 等函数获得 struct regmap 结构对象,该对象包含可用于访问设备寄存器的全部信息,包括定义访问操作如何执行的 bus,定义了各个设备寄存器的读写属性的 config,以及加速设备寄存器访问的 cache。

Linux 内核设备驱动程序可以通过 regmap_write()regmap_read()regmap_update_bits() 等函数读写设备寄存器,通过 regcache_sync()regcache_cache_only()regcache_cache_bypass()regcache_mark_dirty() 等函数操作缓存。

基于 I2C 的 regmap

通过 I2C 访问的设备寄存器,可以使用 regmap 机制来访问。如在 ALC 5651 audio codec 内核设备驱动程序里,在 probe 操作中创建 regmap 对象 (位于 sound/soc/codecs/rt5651.c):

static const struct regmap_config rt5651_regmap = {	.reg_bits = 8,	.val_bits = 16,	.max_register = RT5651_DEVICE_ID + 1 + (ARRAY_SIZE(rt5651_ranges) *					       RT5651_PR_SPACING),	.volatile_reg = rt5651_volatile_register,	.readable_reg = rt5651_readable_register,	.cache_type = REGCACHE_RBTREE,	.reg_defaults = rt5651_reg,	.num_reg_defaults = ARRAY_SIZE(rt5651_reg),	.ranges = rt5651_ranges,	.num_ranges = ARRAY_SIZE(rt5651_ranges),	.use_single_read = true,	.use_single_write = true,}; . . . . . .static int rt5651_i2c_probe(struct i2c_client *i2c,		    const struct i2c_device_id *id){	struct rt5651_priv *rt5651;	int ret;	int err; 	rt5651 = devm_kzalloc(&i2c->dev, sizeof(*rt5651),				GFP_KERNEL);	if (NULL == rt5651)		return -ENOMEM; 	i2c_set_clientdata(i2c, rt5651); 	rt5651->regmap = devm_regmap_init_i2c(i2c, &rt5651_regmap);	if (IS_ERR(rt5651->regmap)) {		ret = PTR_ERR(rt5651->regmap);		dev_err(&i2c->dev, "Failed to allocate register map: %d\n",			ret);		return ret;	} . . . . . .

之后对设备寄存器的访问方法,同 mmio 的一样。这里创建 regmap 对象的方法为调用 devm_regmap_init_i2c(),这是一个宏,其定义 (位于 include/linux/regmap.h) 如下:

struct regmap *__devm_regmap_init_i2c(struct i2c_client *i2c,   			      const struct regmap_config *config,   			      struct lock_class_key *lock_key,   			      const char *lock_name);. . . . . ./*** devm_regmap_init_i2c() - Initialise managed register map** @i2c: Device that will be interacted with* @config: Configuration for register map** The return value will be an ERR_PTR() on error or a valid pointer* to a struct regmap.  The regmap will be automatically freed by the* device management code.*/#define devm_regmap_init_i2c(i2c, config)				\   __regmap_lockdep_wrapper

这个宏调用了 __devm_regmap_init_i2c() 函数,该函数定义 (位于 drivers/base/regmap/regmap-i2c.c) 如下:

static const struct regmap_bus regmap_smbus_byte = {	.reg_write = regmap_smbus_byte_reg_write,	.reg_read = regmap_smbus_byte_reg_read,}; . . . . . .static const struct regmap_bus regmap_smbus_word = {	.reg_write = regmap_smbus_word_reg_write,	.reg_read = regmap_smbus_word_reg_read,}; . . . . . .static const struct regmap_bus regmap_smbus_word_swapped = {	.reg_write = regmap_smbus_word_write_swapped,	.reg_read = regmap_smbus_word_read_swapped,}; . . . . . .static const struct regmap_bus regmap_i2c = {	.write = regmap_i2c_write,	.gather_write = regmap_i2c_gather_write,	.read = regmap_i2c_read,	.reg_format_endian_default = REGMAP_ENDIAN_BIG,	.val_format_endian_default = REGMAP_ENDIAN_BIG,}; . . . . . .static const struct regmap_bus regmap_i2c_smbus_i2c_block = {	.write = regmap_i2c_smbus_i2c_write,	.read = regmap_i2c_smbus_i2c_read,	.max_raw_read = I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX,	.max_raw_write = I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX,}; . . . . . .static const struct regmap_bus regmap_i2c_smbus_i2c_block_reg16 = {	.write = regmap_i2c_smbus_i2c_write_reg16,	.read = regmap_i2c_smbus_i2c_read_reg16,	.max_raw_read = I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX,	.max_raw_write = I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX,}; static const struct regmap_bus *regmap_get_i2c_bus(struct i2c_client *i2c,					const struct regmap_config *config){	const struct i2c_adapter_quirks *quirks;	const struct regmap_bus *bus = NULL;	struct regmap_bus *ret_bus;	u16 max_read = 0, max_write = 0; 	if (i2c_check_functionality(i2c->adapter, I2C_FUNC_I2C))		bus = &regmap_i2c;	else if (config->val_bits == 8 && config->reg_bits == 8 &&		 i2c_check_functionality(i2c->adapter,					 I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK))		bus = &regmap_i2c_smbus_i2c_block;	else if (config->val_bits == 8 && config->reg_bits == 16 &&		i2c_check_functionality(i2c->adapter,					I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK))		bus = &regmap_i2c_smbus_i2c_block_reg16;	else if (config->val_bits == 16 && config->reg_bits == 8 &&		 i2c_check_functionality(i2c->adapter,					 I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WORD_DATA))		switch (regmap_get_val_endian(&i2c->dev, NULL, config)) {		case REGMAP_ENDIAN_LITTLE:			bus = &regmap_smbus_word;			break;		case REGMAP_ENDIAN_BIG:			bus = &regmap_smbus_word_swapped;			break;		default:		/* everything else is not supported */			break;		}	else if (config->val_bits == 8 && config->reg_bits == 8 &&		 i2c_check_functionality(i2c->adapter,					 I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA))		bus = &regmap_smbus_byte; 	if (!bus)		return ERR_PTR(-ENOTSUPP); 	quirks = i2c->adapter->quirks;	if (quirks) {		if (quirks->max_read_len &&		    (bus->max_raw_read == 0 || bus->max_raw_read > quirks->max_read_len))			max_read = quirks->max_read_len; 		if (quirks->max_write_len &&		    (bus->max_raw_write == 0 || bus->max_raw_write > quirks->max_write_len))			max_write = quirks->max_write_len; 		if (max_read || max_write) {			ret_bus = kmemdup(bus, sizeof(*bus), GFP_KERNEL);			if (!ret_bus)				return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);			ret_bus->free_on_exit = true;			ret_bus->max_raw_read = max_read;			ret_bus->max_raw_write = max_write;			bus = ret_bus;		}	} 	return bus;} . . . . . .struct regmap *__devm_regmap_init_i2c(struct i2c_client *i2c,				      const struct regmap_config *config,				      struct lock_class_key *lock_key,				      const char *lock_name){	const struct regmap_bus *bus = regmap_get_i2c_bus(i2c, config); 	if (IS_ERR(bus))		return ERR_CAST(bus); 	return __devm_regmap_init(&i2c->dev, bus, &i2c->dev, config,				  lock_key, lock_name);}EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__devm_regmap_init_i2c);

__devm_regmap_init_i2c() 函数首先根据寄存器映射的配置,如寄存器地址的位数,寄存器值的位数,I2C 总线的功能特性,大尾端还是小尾端等,选择设备寄存器的访问操作,即 struct regmap_bus,然后如同 __devm_regmap_init_mmio_clk() 函数一样,通过 __devm_regmap_init() 函数创建并初始化 regmap 对象。

这里通过 i2c_check_functionality() 函数判断 I2C 总线的功能特性,这个函数定义 (位于 include/linux/i2c.h) 如下:

/* Return the functionality mask */static inline u32 i2c_get_functionality(struct i2c_adapter *adap){	return adap->algo->functionality(adap);} /* Return 1 if adapter supports everything we need, 0 if not. */static inline int i2c_check_functionality(struct i2c_adapter *adap, u32 func){	return (func & i2c_get_functionality(adap)) == func;}

即通过 I2C 总线适配器驱动程序实现的 functionality 操作来判断。ALC 5651 Linux 内核驱动程序的寄存器映射配置,寄存器地址为 8 位,值为 16 位,对于标准的 I2C 总线,对应的 I2C IO 操作如下:

static int regmap_i2c_write(void *context, const void *data, size_t count){	struct device *dev = context;	struct i2c_client *i2c = to_i2c_client(dev);	int ret; 	ret = i2c_master_send(i2c, data, count);	if (ret == count)		return 0;	else if (ret < 0)		return ret;	else		return -EIO;} static int regmap_i2c_gather_write(void *context,				   const void *reg, size_t reg_size,				   const void *val, size_t val_size){	struct device *dev = context;	struct i2c_client *i2c = to_i2c_client(dev);	struct i2c_msg xfer[2];	int ret; 	/* If the I2C controller can't do a gather tell the core, it	 * will substitute in a linear write for us.	 */	if (!i2c_check_functionality(i2c->adapter, I2C_FUNC_NOSTART))		return -ENOTSUPP; 	xfer[0].addr = i2c->addr;	xfer[0].flags = 0;	xfer[0].len = reg_size;	xfer[0].buf = (void *)reg; 	xfer[1].addr = i2c->addr;	xfer[1].flags = I2C_M_NOSTART;	xfer[1].len = val_size;	xfer[1].buf = (void *)val; 	ret = i2c_transfer(i2c->adapter, xfer, 2);	if (ret == 2)		return 0;	if (ret < 0)		return ret;	else		return -EIO;} static int regmap_i2c_read(void *context,			   const void *reg, size_t reg_size,			   void *val, size_t val_size){	struct device *dev = context;	struct i2c_client *i2c = to_i2c_client(dev);	struct i2c_msg xfer[2];	int ret; 	xfer[0].addr = i2c->addr;	xfer[0].flags = 0;	xfer[0].len = reg_size;	xfer[0].buf = (void *)reg; 	xfer[1].addr = i2c->addr;	xfer[1].flags = I2C_M_RD;	xfer[1].len = val_size;	xfer[1].buf = val; 	ret = i2c_transfer(i2c->adapter, xfer, 2);	if (ret == 2)		return 0;	else if (ret < 0)		return ret;	else		return -EIO;} static const struct regmap_bus regmap_i2c = {	.write = regmap_i2c_write,	.gather_write = regmap_i2c_gather_write,	.read = regmap_i2c_read,	.reg_format_endian_default = REGMAP_ENDIAN_BIG,	.val_format_endian_default = REGMAP_ENDIAN_BIG,};

这里构造消息给 I2C 总线驱动程序,调用 Linux 内核 I2C 子系统提供的 i2c_master_send()i2c_transfer() 等操作,完成对设备寄存器的读写。Linux 内核 I2C 子系统及 I2C 总线驱动程序的更多细节这里不多赘述。

写设备寄存器

Linux 内核设备驱动程序通过 regmap_write() 等函数写设备寄存器,相关的这些函数原型 (位于 include/linux/regmap.h) 如下:

int regmap_write(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg, unsigned int val);int regmap_write_async(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg, unsigned int val);int regmap_raw_write(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,		     const void *val, size_t val_len);int regmap_noinc_write(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,		     const void *val, size_t val_len);int regmap_bulk_write(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg, const void *val,			size_t val_count);int regmap_multi_reg_write(struct regmap *map, const struct reg_sequence *regs,			int num_regs);int regmap_multi_reg_write_bypassed(struct regmap *map,				    const struct reg_sequence *regs,				    int num_regs);int regmap_raw_write_async(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,			   const void *val, size_t val_len);

regmap_write()regmap_write_async() 函数分别同步和异步地写一个设备寄存器,这两个函数定义 (位于 drivers/base/regmap/regmap.c) 如下:

bool regmap_reg_in_ranges(unsigned int reg,			  const struct regmap_range *ranges,			  unsigned int nranges){	const struct regmap_range *r;	int i; 	for (i = 0, r = ranges; i < nranges; i++, r++)		if (regmap_reg_in_range(reg, r))			return true;	return false;}EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(regmap_reg_in_ranges); bool regmap_check_range_table(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,			      const struct regmap_access_table *table){	/* Check "no ranges" first */	if (regmap_reg_in_ranges(reg, table->no_ranges, table->n_no_ranges))		return false; 	/* In case zero "yes ranges" are supplied, any reg is OK */	if (!table->n_yes_ranges)		return true; 	return regmap_reg_in_ranges(reg, table->yes_ranges,				    table->n_yes_ranges);}EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(regmap_check_range_table); bool regmap_writeable(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg){	if (map->max_register && reg > map->max_register)		return false; 	if (map->writeable_reg)		return map->writeable_reg(map->dev, reg); 	if (map->wr_table)		return regmap_check_range_table(map, reg, map->wr_table); 	return true;} . . . . . .static inline void *_regmap_map_get_context(struct regmap *map){	return (map->bus) ? map : map->bus_context;} int _regmap_write(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,		  unsigned int val){	int ret;	void *context = _regmap_map_get_context(map); 	if (!regmap_writeable(map, reg))		return -EIO; 	if (!map->cache_bypass && !map->defer_caching) {		ret = regcache_write(map, reg, val);		if (ret != 0)			return ret;		if (map->cache_only) {			map->cache_dirty = true;			return 0;		}	} 	if (regmap_should_log(map))		dev_info(map->dev, "%x <= %x\n", reg, val); 	trace_regmap_reg_write(map, reg, val); 	return map->reg_write(context, reg, val);} /** * regmap_write() - Write a value to a single register * * @map: Register map to write to * @reg: Register to write to * @val: Value to be written * * A value of zero will be returned on success, a negative errno will * be returned in error cases. */int regmap_write(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg, unsigned int val){	int ret; 	if (!IS_ALIGNED(reg, map->reg_stride))		return -EINVAL; 	map->lock(map->lock_arg); 	ret = _regmap_write(map, reg, val); 	map->unlock(map->lock_arg); 	return ret;}EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(regmap_write); /** * regmap_write_async() - Write a value to a single register asynchronously * * @map: Register map to write to * @reg: Register to write to * @val: Value to be written * * A value of zero will be returned on success, a negative errno will * be returned in error cases. */int regmap_write_async(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg, unsigned int val){	int ret; 	if (!IS_ALIGNED(reg, map->reg_stride))		return -EINVAL; 	map->lock(map->lock_arg); 	map->async = true; 	ret = _regmap_write(map, reg, val); 	map->async = false; 	map->unlock(map->lock_arg); 	return ret;}EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(regmap_write_async);

像众多 regmap 机制提供的设备寄存器访问操作函数一样,这两个函数,在开始任何操作前先加了锁,并在结束操作后解锁,regmap 机制提供了对设备寄存器的互斥访问

regmap_write_async() 函数在加锁后,将 map->async 赋值为 true,并在解锁前将其赋值为 false,从 _regmap_write() 函数的实现来看,这里的异步写疑似没有工作。

regmap_write()regmap_write_async() 函数都通过 _regmap_write() 函数完成对设备寄存器的写操作。

_regmap_write() 函数的执行过程是简单的三步:

  1. 检查要写入的寄存器是否可写。这里的检查按照设备寄存器的读写属性配置进行。首先,检查寄存器是否超过了配置的寄存器,若超过了,则显然不可写;其次,当 writeable_reg 回调函数配置时,由该回调函数判断;然后,当 wr_table 可写寄存器表配置时,根据该表做判断;否则,认为寄存器可写。对于寄存器是否可写的判断,如果同时配置了 writeable_reg 回调函数和 wr_table 可写寄存器表,则前者的优先级高于后者,后者将被忽略;如果两者都没有配置,则认为寄存器可写。

  2. 使用了 cache,而没开延迟 cache 时,将要写入寄存器的值先写入 cached。如果写入失败,则直接返回,否则继续执行。如果设置了 map->cache_only,则将 map->cache_dirty 置为 true 并返回,否则继续执行。map->cache_only 标记表示不希望真正地写设备寄存器。

  3. 调用 struct regmapreg_write 操作向设备寄存器写入值。

这里的写操作基本上是一个无条件的写,即在写入设备寄存器之前,不会检查缓存中是否已经存在了相同值。

regcache_write() 函数定义 (位于 drivers/base/regmap/regcache.c) 如下:

int regcache_write(struct regmap *map,		   unsigned int reg, unsigned int value){	if (map->cache_type == REGCACHE_NONE)		return 0; 	BUG_ON(!map->cache_ops); 	if (!regmap_volatile(map, reg))		return map->cache_ops->write(map, reg, value); 	return 0;}

regcache_write() 函数,首先,检查是否开启了 cache,如果没有则直接返回,否则继续执行;其次,检查要写入的寄存器是否为 volatile 的,如果不是,则通过 cache 实现的 write 回调写入 cache,否则返回。

regmap_volatile() 函数用以检查寄存器是否为 volatile 的,这个函数定义 (位于 drivers/base/regmap/regmap.c) 如下:

bool regmap_readable(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg){	if (!map->reg_read)		return false; 	if (map->max_register && reg > map->max_register)		return false; 	if (map->format.format_write)		return false; 	if (map->readable_reg)		return map->readable_reg(map->dev, reg); 	if (map->rd_table)		return regmap_check_range_table(map, reg, map->rd_table); 	return true;} bool regmap_volatile(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg){	if (!map->format.format_write && !regmap_readable(map, reg))		return false; 	if (map->volatile_reg)		return map->volatile_reg(map->dev, reg); 	if (map->volatile_table)		return regmap_check_range_table(map, reg, map->volatile_table); 	if (map->cache_ops)		return false;	else		return true;}

对寄存器是否为 volatile 的检查,暗含着对它是否可读的检查。如果寄存器不是 volatile 的,会被认为是可缓存的。regmap_volatile() 函数的检查过程如下:

  1. 没有定义 format_write 操作,同时寄存器不可读,则认为寄存器不是 volatile 的。这里有个坑。如果寄存器是只写的,比如 W1C 写 1 清的寄存器等 (对于硬件设备,这样的寄存器比较常见),在这里会被判定为非 volatile 的,如果开了缓存即是可缓存的。在 regmap_update_bits() 操作中会出问题

  2. 和对寄存器的 writable 判断类似,先检查配置的 volatile_reg 回调操作,再检查 volatile_table 表。

  3. 如果既没有配置 volatile_reg 回调操作,也没有配置 volatile_table 表,则根据缓存配置判断。如果开了缓存,则认为所有寄存器都是非 volatile 的,即都可以缓存,否则都是 volatile 的。

regmap_readable() 函数中对于寄存器是否可读的判断,与对寄存器是否可写的判断类似。但多了对 map->reg_read 寄存器读操作的检查,及格式化写的检查。

这里不再详细分析 regmap_raw_write()regmap_noinc_write()regmap_bulk_write() 等更复杂的设备寄存器写操作。

读设备寄存器

Linux 内核设备驱动程序通过 regmap_read() 等函数读设备寄存器,相关的这些函数原型 (位于 include/linux/regmap.h) 如下:

int regmap_read(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg, unsigned int *val);int regmap_raw_read(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,		    void *val, size_t val_len);int regmap_noinc_read(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,		      void *val, size_t val_len);int regmap_bulk_read(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg, void *val,		     size_t val_count);

regmap_read() 函数同步地读一个设备寄存器,这个函数定义 (位于 drivers/base/regmap/regmap.c) 如下:

static int _regmap_read(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,			unsigned int *val){	int ret;	void *context = _regmap_map_get_context(map); 	if (!map->cache_bypass) {		ret = regcache_read(map, reg, val);		if (ret == 0)			return 0;	} 	if (map->cache_only)		return -EBUSY; 	if (!regmap_readable(map, reg))		return -EIO; 	ret = map->reg_read(context, reg, val);	if (ret == 0) {		if (regmap_should_log(map))			dev_info(map->dev, "%x => %x\n", reg, *val); 		trace_regmap_reg_read(map, reg, *val); 		if (!map->cache_bypass)			regcache_write(map, reg, *val);	} 	return ret;} /** * regmap_read() - Read a value from a single register * * @map: Register map to read from * @reg: Register to be read from * @val: Pointer to store read value * * A value of zero will be returned on success, a negative errno will * be returned in error cases. */int regmap_read(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg, unsigned int *val){	int ret; 	if (!IS_ALIGNED(reg, map->reg_stride))		return -EINVAL; 	map->lock(map->lock_arg); 	ret = _regmap_read(map, reg, val); 	map->unlock(map->lock_arg); 	return ret;}EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(regmap_read);

regmap_write() 函数类似, regmap_read() 函数,首先,对 regmap 加锁;然后,调用 _regmap_read() 函数执行读操作;最后,解锁并返回。_regmap_read() 函数的执行过程是清晰的几个步骤:

  1. 如果开启了缓存,则先从缓存读,如果成功则返回,否则继续执行。

  2. 如果设置了 map->cache_only,则报错返回。设备驱动程序挂起时,可以设置 map->cache_only,以防止意外地对设备寄存器读写。

  3. 判断寄存器是否可读,如果不可读,则报错返回,否则继续执行。对于只写的设备寄存器,如果开启了缓存,在这个函数中将读到上次写入的值。在逻辑上,这样的返回值不太合适。这个函数更好的实现方法,似乎是将寄存器是否可读的判断,放在从缓存读寄存器前面。

  4. 读取设备寄存器。

  5. 读取设备寄存器成功,且开启了缓存,则将读取的值写入缓存。

从缓存中读取设备寄存器的值的函数 regcache_read() 定义 (位于 drivers/base/regmap/regcache.c) 如下:

int regcache_read(struct regmap *map,		  unsigned int reg, unsigned int *value){	int ret; 	if (map->cache_type == REGCACHE_NONE)		return -ENOSYS; 	BUG_ON(!map->cache_ops); 	if (!regmap_volatile(map, reg)) {		ret = map->cache_ops->read(map, reg, value); 		if (ret == 0)			trace_regmap_reg_read_cache(map, reg, *value); 		return ret;	} 	return -EINVAL;}

缓存操作针对开启了缓存的 regmap 的非 volatile 的寄存器。在 regcache_read() 函数中,它从缓存实现中读取寄存器的值。

这里不再详细分析 regmap_raw_read()regmap_noinc_read()regmap_bulk_read() 等更复杂的设备寄存器读操作。

设备寄存器位更新

Linux 内核设备驱动程序通过 regmap_update_bits() 等函数更新设备寄存器的特定位,相关的这些函数原型 (位于 include/linux/regmap.h) 如下:

int regmap_update_bits_base(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,			    unsigned int mask, unsigned int val,			    bool *change, bool async, bool force); static inline int regmap_update_bits(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,				     unsigned int mask, unsigned int val){	return regmap_update_bits_base(map, reg, mask, val, NULL, false, false);} static inline int regmap_update_bits_async(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,					   unsigned int mask, unsigned int val){	return regmap_update_bits_base(map, reg, mask, val, NULL, true, false);} static inline int regmap_update_bits_check(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,					   unsigned int mask, unsigned int val,					   bool *change){	return regmap_update_bits_base(map, reg, mask, val,				       change, false, false);} static inline intregmap_update_bits_check_async(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,			       unsigned int mask, unsigned int val,			       bool *change){	return regmap_update_bits_base(map, reg, mask, val,				       change, true, false);} static inline int regmap_write_bits(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,				    unsigned int mask, unsigned int val){	return regmap_update_bits_base(map, reg, mask, val, NULL, false, true);}

regmap_update_bits() 等函数传入不同的参数调用 regmap_update_bits_base() 函数,后者定义 (位于 drivers/base/regmap/regmap.c) 如下:

static int _regmap_update_bits(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,			       unsigned int mask, unsigned int val,			       bool *change, bool force_write){	int ret;	unsigned int tmp, orig; 	if (change)		*change = false; 	if (regmap_volatile(map, reg) && map->reg_update_bits) {		ret = map->reg_update_bits(map->bus_context, reg, mask, val);		if (ret == 0 && change)			*change = true;	} else {		ret = _regmap_read(map, reg, &orig);		if (ret != 0)			return ret; 		tmp = orig & ~mask;		tmp |= val & mask; 		if (force_write || (tmp != orig)) {			ret = _regmap_write(map, reg, tmp);			if (ret == 0 && change)				*change = true;		}	} 	return ret;} /** * regmap_update_bits_base() - Perform a read/modify/write cycle on a register * * @map: Register map to update * @reg: Register to update * @mask: Bitmask to change * @val: New value for bitmask * @change: Boolean indicating if a write was done * @async: Boolean indicating asynchronously * @force: Boolean indicating use force update * * Perform a read/modify/write cycle on a register map with change, async, force * options. * * If async is true: * * With most buses the read must be done synchronously so this is most useful * for devices with a cache which do not need to interact with the hardware to * determine the current register value. * * Returns zero for success, a negative number on error. */int regmap_update_bits_base(struct regmap *map, unsigned int reg,			    unsigned int mask, unsigned int val,			    bool *change, bool async, bool force){	int ret; 	map->lock(map->lock_arg); 	map->async = async; 	ret = _regmap_update_bits(map, reg, mask, val, change, force); 	map->async = false; 	map->unlock(map->lock_arg); 	return ret;}EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(regmap_update_bits_base);

regmap_write()regmap_read() 函数类似,regmap_update_bits_base() 函数,首先,对 regmap 加锁;然后,设置 map->async 标志,调用 _regmap_update_bits() 函数执行寄存器位更新操作;最后,重置 map->async 标志,解锁并返回。_regmap_update_bits() 函数的执行分成几种情况来处理:

  1. 寄存器为 volatile 的,同时配置了 reg_update_bits 回调函数,则执行 reg_update_bits 回调函数并返回结果。寄存器为 volatile 的,所以可以忽略对 cached 的操作。只写寄存器会被判定为非 volatile 的,因而它们不会由 reg_update_bits 回调函数处理。

  2. 其它情况。先读取寄存器。特别需要关注的是对只写寄存器的处理。第一次读取只写寄存器时,会读取失败并返回错误。如果之前对只写寄存器有过写入操作,且开了 cache,则会读取之前写入的值。随后,如果要求强制写,或要写入的位的值与读取的值不同,则将值写入寄存器。如果开了 cache,写操作会更新 cache。

考虑只写寄存器通过 regmap_update_bits_base() 函数来更新,则要么更新失败,要么很可能发现要更新的值和缓存中的值一致,而不会实际去更新。对只写寄存器的任何更新,regmap_write()regmap_write_bits() 函数是更好的选择。

要使得对 regmap 各函数调用的行为符合预期,还是需要对这些函数的行为实现有所了解,并适当的配置驱动程序中各个寄存器的读写属性。

整体看下来,regmap 机制提供的能力有这样一些:

  1. 提供的设备寄存器访问操作函数可以执行对设备寄存器的互斥访问。
  2. 提高效率的 cache,其中包含多个 cache 策略可选。
  3. 统一的方便的 IO 访问操作函数访问 mmio,i2c 等不同总线的设备 IO 寄存器。
  4. 通过 debugfs 调试相关设备 IO 寄存器的能力。
  5. 良好的扩展能力。如未来要通过 regmap 机制支持一种新的访问设备 IO 寄存器的总线,则仅需实现 struct regmap_bus 即可。

Done.

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