【其二】SpringBoot响应式编程集成Elasticsearch
原文发布于:实战:SpringBoot与Elasticsearch完美融合,WebFlux响应式编程实现,欢迎使用 RSS 订阅获取最新更新。
1. 前言
上次说到安装了Elasticsearch和Kibana,这次要说的是 SpringBoot响应式编程集成Elasticsearch
上一篇文章的地址:www.runnable.run/archives/-y…
项目我已经搭建好了,推荐大家先把项目拉下来跑跑,和下面的内容对着看会有更加深入的理解。
代码仓库:demo-springboot-elasticsearch
2. 如何把项目跑起来
代码下载之后,通过如下命令从Elasticsearch容器中复制http_ca.crt
出来覆盖项目中elastic-search/http_ca.crt
docker cp elasticsearch:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/certs/http_ca.crt .docker cp elasticsearch:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/certs/http_ca.crt .docker cp elasticsearch:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/certs/http_ca.crt .
然后在application-dev.yaml
中更改你的Elasticsearch的账号和密码,启动!
不出意外的话就会看到往ES中插入了两条数据。
3. 在ES上查看数据
创建DataView
然后
接着保存就行
4 项目详解
4.1 选择Spring Reactive Web 而不是 spring-boot-starter-web。
搭建这个SpringBoot Flux项目时,选择的是Spring Reactive Web,而不用spring-boot-starter-web。
传统的spring-boot-starter-web是MVC架构,也就是model and view,和Spring Reactive有很大的区别。
Spring Reactive最显著的特点是WebFlux框架,它提供了一套用于构建响应式Web应用程序的组件。WebFlux支持两种不同的编程模型:基于响应式流的函数式编程模型和基于注解的反应式编程模型。
所有引入的依赖:
<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.projectreactor</groupId><artifactId>reactor-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.projectreactor</groupId> <artifactId>reactor-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies><dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.projectreactor</groupId> <artifactId>reactor-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
其中spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch
是连接ES所需要的依赖,Spring也为它创建了单独的文档界面介绍怎么进行使用,在搭建这个项目的时候,很多问题的答案都是在当中进行找到的。
链接:Spring Data Elasticsearch – Reference Documentation
4.2 项目结构
整个项目的结构如下:
.├── LICENSE├── README.md├── logs│ └── start.log├── pom.xml└── src├── main│ ├── java│ │ └── run│ │ └── runnable│ │ └── demospringbootelasticsearch│ │ ├── DemoSpringbootElasticsearchApplication.java│ │ └── config│ │ └── ElasticSearchConfig.java│ └── resources│ ├── application-dev.yaml│ ├── application-prod.yaml│ ├── application.yaml│ ├── elastic-search│ │ └── http_ca.crt│ └── logback.xml└── test└── java└── run└── runnable└── demospringbootelasticsearch└── DemoSpringbootElasticsearchApplicationTests.java15 directories, 12 files. ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── logs │ └── start.log ├── pom.xml └── src ├── main │ ├── java │ │ └── run │ │ └── runnable │ │ └── demospringbootelasticsearch │ │ ├── DemoSpringbootElasticsearchApplication.java │ │ └── config │ │ └── ElasticSearchConfig.java │ └── resources │ ├── application-dev.yaml │ ├── application-prod.yaml │ ├── application.yaml │ ├── elastic-search │ │ └── http_ca.crt │ └── logback.xml └── test └── java └── run └── runnable └── demospringbootelasticsearch └── DemoSpringbootElasticsearchApplicationTests.java 15 directories, 12 files. ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── logs │ └── start.log ├── pom.xml └── src ├── main │ ├── java │ │ └── run │ │ └── runnable │ │ └── demospringbootelasticsearch │ │ ├── DemoSpringbootElasticsearchApplication.java │ │ └── config │ │ └── ElasticSearchConfig.java │ └── resources │ ├── application-dev.yaml │ ├── application-prod.yaml │ ├── application.yaml │ ├── elastic-search │ │ └── http_ca.crt │ └── logback.xml └── test └── java └── run └── runnable └── demospringbootelasticsearch └── DemoSpringbootElasticsearchApplicationTests.java 15 directories, 12 files
项目启动时,会根据启动参数中的-Dspring.profiles.active=xxx
获取指定的配置文件启动,
在ElasticSearchConfig
中创建连接Elasticsearch的对象,也就是ClientConfiguration
4.3 ElasticSearchConfig
这个类继承了ReactiveElasticsearchConfiguration
。
ReactiveElasticsearchConfiguration
的主要作用是配置与Elasticsearch的交互,以便在Reactive应用程序中使用Elasticsearch作为数据存储和检索的后端。通过使用此配置类,您可以:
- 设置Elasticsearch的连接信息:可以指定Elasticsearch集群的主机名、端口号、用户名和密码等连接信息。
- 配置Elasticsearch的客户端:可以设置连接超时、读取超时等相关的客户端配置参数。
- 定义ReactiveElasticsearchClient Bean:在配置类中,可以定义一个ReactiveElasticsearchClient的Bean,该Bean充当与Elasticsearch集群进行通信的客户端。
- 设置Elasticsearch的索引配置:可以为不同的实体类定义索引和映射,以及其他与索引相关的配置。
- 集成Spring Data Elasticsearch的Repository:可以通过继承
ReactiveElasticsearchRepository
接口来创建Reactive的Elasticsearch Repository,以便在应用程序中进行CRUD(创建、读取、更新和删除)操作。
@Configurationpublic class ElasticSearchConfig extends ReactiveElasticsearchConfiguration {@Value("${spring.profiles.active}")public String env;@Value("${elastic.username}")public String esUsername;@Value("${elastic.password}")public String esPassword;@Value("${elastic.hostAndPort}")public String esHostAndPort;@Value("classpath:elastic-search/http_ca.crt")private Resource elasticCert;@SneakyThrows@Overridepublic ClientConfiguration clientConfiguration() {return ClientConfiguration.builder().connectedTo(esHostAndPort).usingSsl(getSslContext(), (hostname, session) -> true).withConnectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(5)).withSocketTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)).withBasicAuth(esUsername, esPassword).build();}/*** getSslContext*/private SSLContext getSslContext()throws CertificateException, IOException, KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {Certificate ca = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509").generateCertificate(elasticCert.getInputStream());// Create a KeyStore containing our trusted CAsString keyStoreType = KeyStore.getDefaultType();KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyStoreType);keyStore.load(null, null);keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", ca);// Create a TrustManager that trusts the CAs in our KeyStoreString tmfAlgorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm();TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(tmfAlgorithm);tmf.init(keyStore);// Create an SSLContext that uses our TrustManagerSSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");context.init(null, tmf.getTrustManagers(), null);return context;}}@Configuration public class ElasticSearchConfig extends ReactiveElasticsearchConfiguration { @Value("${spring.profiles.active}") public String env; @Value("${elastic.username}") public String esUsername; @Value("${elastic.password}") public String esPassword; @Value("${elastic.hostAndPort}") public String esHostAndPort; @Value("classpath:elastic-search/http_ca.crt") private Resource elasticCert; @SneakyThrows @Override public ClientConfiguration clientConfiguration() { return ClientConfiguration.builder() .connectedTo(esHostAndPort) .usingSsl(getSslContext(), (hostname, session) -> true) .withConnectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .withSocketTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .withBasicAuth(esUsername, esPassword) .build(); } /** * getSslContext */ private SSLContext getSslContext() throws CertificateException, IOException, KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException { Certificate ca = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509") .generateCertificate(elasticCert.getInputStream()); // Create a KeyStore containing our trusted CAs String keyStoreType = KeyStore.getDefaultType(); KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyStoreType); keyStore.load(null, null); keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", ca); // Create a TrustManager that trusts the CAs in our KeyStore String tmfAlgorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm(); TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(tmfAlgorithm); tmf.init(keyStore); // Create an SSLContext that uses our TrustManager SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); context.init(null, tmf.getTrustManagers(), null); return context; } }@Configuration public class ElasticSearchConfig extends ReactiveElasticsearchConfiguration { @Value("${spring.profiles.active}") public String env; @Value("${elastic.username}") public String esUsername; @Value("${elastic.password}") public String esPassword; @Value("${elastic.hostAndPort}") public String esHostAndPort; @Value("classpath:elastic-search/http_ca.crt") private Resource elasticCert; @SneakyThrows @Override public ClientConfiguration clientConfiguration() { return ClientConfiguration.builder() .connectedTo(esHostAndPort) .usingSsl(getSslContext(), (hostname, session) -> true) .withConnectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .withSocketTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .withBasicAuth(esUsername, esPassword) .build(); } /** * getSslContext */ private SSLContext getSslContext() throws CertificateException, IOException, KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException { Certificate ca = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509") .generateCertificate(elasticCert.getInputStream()); // Create a KeyStore containing our trusted CAs String keyStoreType = KeyStore.getDefaultType(); KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyStoreType); keyStore.load(null, null); keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", ca); // Create a TrustManager that trusts the CAs in our KeyStore String tmfAlgorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm(); TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(tmfAlgorithm); tmf.init(keyStore); // Create an SSLContext that uses our TrustManager SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); context.init(null, tmf.getTrustManagers(), null); return context; } }
在新版的ES中,需要通过ssl连接,所以通过getSslContext
方法构建了sslContext对象放入请求ES的ClientConfiguration
,见这一行:
.usingSsl(getSslContext(), (hostname, session) -> true).usingSsl(getSslContext(), (hostname, session) -> true).usingSsl(getSslContext(), (hostname, session) -> true)
(hostname, session) -> true
是一个可选参数,意味着不校验ES的证书,因为ES的证书是自签的,什么是自签呢?
CA 拥有一个证书(内含公钥和私钥)。网上的公众用户通过验证 CA 的签字从而信任 CA ,任何人都可以得到 CA 的证书(含公钥),用以验证它所签发的证书。
如果用户想得到一份属于自己的证书,他应先向 CA 提出申请。在 CA 判明申请者的身份后,便为他分配一个公钥,并且 CA 将该公钥与申请者的身份信息绑在一起,并为之签字后,便形成证书发给申请者。
如果一个用户想鉴别另一个证书的真伪,他就用 CA 的公钥对那个证书上的签字进行验证,一旦验证通过,该证书就被认为是有效的。证书实际是由证书签证机关(CA)签发的对用户的公钥的认证。 ———–百度百科
而自签的意思就是自己建立CA,然后签发私钥和公钥
你也可以看我之前写的这篇博客了解更多:****从无到有,Netty基于SSL实现信息传输过程中双向加密验证。**
所以当你的代码和ES主机都是在同一台的时候,不配置这个参数也可以,如果在不同的机器,那么就需要加上这个参数意味着不校验ES签发的证书。
关于Sping Reactive中连接ES时更详细的配置,你可以在这里找到:elasticsearch.clients.configuration
4.4 数据初始化
然后在DemoSpringbootElasticsearchApplication
中的DataInitializer
的run
方法创建两条数据。
DataInitializer
因为实现了CommandLineRunner
接口,用于在Spring Boot应用程序启动后执行一些特定的任务或代码块。它提供了一种简单的方式,让开发者在应用程序启动后立即执行一些初始化逻辑或任务,比如加载初始数据、执行一些定时任务、初始化配置等
@Component@Slf4jclass DataInitializer implements CommandLineRunner {private final PostRepository posts;public DataInitializer(PostRepository posts) {this.posts = posts;}@Overridepublic void run(String[] args) {log.info("start data initialization ...");final Flux<Post> saveFlux = Flux.just("Post one", "Post two").map(title ->Post.builder().title(title).content("content of " + title).build());this.posts.deleteAll().thenMany(posts.saveAll(saveFlux)).log().subscribe(null,null,() -> log.info("done initialization..."));}}@Component @Slf4j class DataInitializer implements CommandLineRunner { private final PostRepository posts; public DataInitializer(PostRepository posts) { this.posts = posts; } @Override public void run(String[] args) { log.info("start data initialization ..."); final Flux<Post> saveFlux = Flux.just("Post one", "Post two") .map(title -> Post.builder().title(title).content("content of " + title).build() ); this.posts.deleteAll() .thenMany(posts.saveAll(saveFlux)) .log() .subscribe( null, null, () -> log.info("done initialization...") ); } }@Component @Slf4j class DataInitializer implements CommandLineRunner { private final PostRepository posts; public DataInitializer(PostRepository posts) { this.posts = posts; } @Override public void run(String[] args) { log.info("start data initialization ..."); final Flux<Post> saveFlux = Flux.just("Post one", "Post two") .map(title -> Post.builder().title(title).content("content of " + title).build() ); this.posts.deleteAll() .thenMany(posts.saveAll(saveFlux)) .log() .subscribe( null, null, () -> log.info("done initialization...") ); } }
这段代码中通过Flux.just
创建响应式流,通过map方法为其中的对象各自创建Post对象。
然后在deleteAll
方法中删除Post
对应的ES上索引的所有数据,并insert刚刚创建的Post对象
this.posts.deleteAll().thenMany(posts.saveAll(saveFlux))this.posts.deleteAll().thenMany(posts.saveAll(saveFlux))this.posts.deleteAll().thenMany(posts.saveAll(saveFlux))
那么Post
对象和ES的索引是什么样的映射关系呢?
4.5 Post对象
和大多数的ORM框架一样,可以通过注解直接映射表名和索引名,这里使用的就是@Document
注解映射了ES中的posts
索引,但是呢,通过SpElL表达式
动态的获取了项目启动时的-Dspring.profiles.active=xxx
参数,因为作为个人开发者,经常开发环境就是生产环境,只能通过一些名字区分是数据放在不同的表和库中。
如果你对SpEL表达式感兴趣可以看,Spring有个单独的页面告诉我们怎么使用这个。Spring Expression Language (SpEL)
//get the acvtive profile by SpEL Expression@Document(indexName = "#{ @environment.getActiveProfiles()[0] + '-' + 'posts'}")@Data@ToString@Builderclass Post {@Idprivate String id;@Field(store = true, type = FieldType.Text, fielddata = true)private String title;@Field(store = true, type = FieldType.Text, fielddata = true)private String content;}//get the acvtive profile by SpEL Expression @Document(indexName = "#{ @environment.getActiveProfiles()[0] + '-' + 'posts'}") @Data @ToString @Builder class Post { @Id private String id; @Field(store = true, type = FieldType.Text, fielddata = true) private String title; @Field(store = true, type = FieldType.Text, fielddata = true) private String content; }//get the acvtive profile by SpEL Expression @Document(indexName = "#{ @environment.getActiveProfiles()[0] + '-' + 'posts'}") @Data @ToString @Builder class Post { @Id private String id; @Field(store = true, type = FieldType.Text, fielddata = true) private String title; @Field(store = true, type = FieldType.Text, fielddata = true) private String content; }
@Field(store = true, type = FieldType.Text, fielddata = true)
这个Field
则是指定存储在索引中的类型,和一些默认值,当中还有很多可选参数,这里就不一一展开解释了。
所以Post对象提供了和ES索引的映射关系,最后通过PostRepository
插入到ES中,
PostRepository
就很简单了,继承了ReactiveElasticsearchRepository
,已经实现了默认的一些方法供我们使用,像是save
,saveAll
,delete
等等,因为是响应式流,所以可以随意组合。
interface PostRepository extends ReactiveElasticsearchRepository<Post, String> {}interface PostRepository extends ReactiveElasticsearchRepository<Post, String> { }interface PostRepository extends ReactiveElasticsearchRepository<Post, String> { }
到这为止,整个SpringBoot项目的所有内容就是这些了,下一节会说怎么通过filebeat上传log文件到ES进行分析。
最后你可以搭配之前我写的那个****使用Jenkins对springboot项目进行docker镜像一键部署,jenkins + docker + springboot****一键部署到服务器,更是畅快,我就是这么做的。