目前最流行的加密算法莫过于RSA了，以下是我们.net/.net core C#生成环境用的RSA加密工具类，在此分享给大家。
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using System;using System.IO;using System.Security.Cryptography;using System.Text;namespace Common{ /// <summary> /// RSA加密工具类 /// </summary> public class RSACryptoUtil { /// <summary> /// rsa私钥 /// </summary> private static readonly RSACryptoServiceProvider _privateKeyRsaProvider; /// <summary> /// rsa公钥 /// </summary> private static readonly RSACryptoServiceProvider _publicKeyRsaProvider; static RSACryptoUtil() { //string root = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.RelativeSearchPath; string publicKey = @"MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAqc7Mgsct5yaU+Ihxwz28luI/0xJe/uZQPwkMyOJpz+tDi5p9V0JYaYg3SrhIqkNQFluBBSRCnp1NNzfT3qUn93eJ1g9/8wwBloiK+W0s6DuSQj93+T8ZM1+qnnBOUiNrHBmynjR1frN4CJVmdXP1+w3CqLoMaHkw46Vy5UvEf9yedetjcCwIbmjRJzE2Mv3qQz67HbgQIDAQAB";//File.ReadAllText($"公钥位置", Encoding.ASCII); string privateKey = @"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";//File.ReadAllText($"私钥位置", Encoding.ASCII); if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(publicKey)) { _publicKeyRsaProvider = CreateRsaProviderFromPublicKey(publicKey); } if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(privateKey)) { _privateKeyRsaProvider = CreateRsaProviderFromPrivateKey(privateKey); } } /// <summary> /// 解密 /// </summary> /// <param name="cipherText"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string Decrypt(string cipherText) { if (_privateKeyRsaProvider == null) { LogUtil.Logger.Error("_privateKeyRsaProvider is null"); return string.Empty; } try { return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(_privateKeyRsaProvider.Decrypt(Convert.FromBase64String(cipherText), false)); } catch (Exception ex) { LogUtil.Logger.Error(ex, $"RSA解密失败：{cipherText}"); return string.Empty; } } /// <summary> /// 加密 /// </summary> /// <param name="text"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string Encrypt(string text) { if (_publicKeyRsaProvider == null) { LogUtil.Logger.Error("_publicKeyRsaProvider is null"); return string.Empty; } return Convert.ToBase64String(_publicKeyRsaProvider.Encrypt(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text), false)); } /// <summary> /// 创建rsa公钥对象 /// </summary> /// <param name="publicKeyString"></param> /// <returns></returns> private static RSACryptoServiceProvider CreateRsaProviderFromPublicKey(string publicKeyString) { // encoded OID sequence for PKCS #1 rsaEncryption szOID_RSA_RSA = "1.2.840.113549.1.1.1" byte[] SeqOID = { 0x30, 0x0D, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2A, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xF7, 0x0D, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00 }; byte[] x509key = Convert.FromBase64String(publicKeyString); // --------- Set up stream to read the asn.1 encoded SubjectPublicKeyInfo blob ------ using (MemoryStream mem = new MemoryStream(x509key)) { using (BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(mem)) //wrap Memory Stream with BinaryReader for easy reading { ushort twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16(); if (twobytes == 0x8130) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Sequence is 30 81) binr.ReadByte(); //advance 1 byte else if (twobytes == 0x8230) binr.ReadInt16(); //advance 2 bytes else return null; byte[] seq = binr.ReadBytes(15); //read the Sequence OID if (!CompareBytearrays(seq, SeqOID)) //make sure Sequence for OID is correct return null; twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16(); if (twobytes == 0x8103) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Bit String is 03 81) binr.ReadByte(); //advance 1 byte else if (twobytes == 0x8203) binr.ReadInt16(); //advance 2 bytes else return null; byte bt = binr.ReadByte(); if (bt != 0x00) //expect null byte next return null; twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16(); if (twobytes == 0x8130) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Sequence is 30 81) binr.ReadByte(); //advance 1 byte else if (twobytes == 0x8230) binr.ReadInt16(); //advance 2 bytes else return null; twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16(); byte lowbyte = 0x00; byte highbyte = 0x00; if (twobytes == 0x8102) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Integer is 02 81) lowbyte = binr.ReadByte(); // read next bytes which is bytes in modulus else if (twobytes == 0x8202) { highbyte = binr.ReadByte(); //advance 2 bytes lowbyte = binr.ReadByte(); } else return null; byte[] modint = { lowbyte, highbyte, 0x00, 0x00 }; //reverse byte order since asn.1 key uses big endian order int modsize = BitConverter.ToInt32(modint, 0); int firstbyte = binr.PeekChar(); if (firstbyte == 0x00) { //if first byte (highest order) of modulus is zero, don't include it binr.ReadByte(); //skip this null byte modsize -= 1; //reduce modulus buffer size by 1 } byte[] modulus = binr.ReadBytes(modsize); //read the modulus bytes if (binr.ReadByte() != 0x02) //expect an Integer for the exponent data return null; int expbytes = binr.ReadByte(); // should only need one byte for actual exponent data (for all useful values) byte[] exponent = binr.ReadBytes(expbytes); // ------- create RSACryptoServiceProvider instance and initialize with public key ----- RSACryptoServiceProvider RSA = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(); RSAParameters RSAKeyInfo = new RSAParameters(); RSAKeyInfo.Modulus = modulus; RSAKeyInfo.Exponent = exponent; RSA.ImportParameters(RSAKeyInfo); return RSA; } } } /// <summary> /// 创建rsa私钥对象 /// </summary> /// <param name="privateKey"></param> /// <returns></returns> private static RSACryptoServiceProvider CreateRsaProviderFromPrivateKey(string privateKey) { var privateKeyBits = Convert.FromBase64String(privateKey); var RSA = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(); var RSAparams = new RSAParameters(); using (BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(new MemoryStream(privateKeyBits))) { ushort twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16(); if (twobytes == 0x8130) binr.ReadByte(); else if (twobytes == 0x8230) binr.ReadInt16(); else throw new Exception("Unexpected value read binr.ReadUInt16()"); twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16(); if (twobytes != 0x0102) throw new Exception("Unexpected version"); byte bt = binr.ReadByte(); if (bt != 0x00) throw new Exception("Unexpected value read binr.ReadByte()"); RSAparams.Modulus = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr)); RSAparams.Exponent = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr)); RSAparams.D = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr)); RSAparams.P = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr)); RSAparams.Q = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr)); RSAparams.DP = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr)); RSAparams.DQ = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr)); RSAparams.InverseQ = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr)); } RSA.ImportParameters(RSAparams); return RSA; } private static int GetIntegerSize(BinaryReader binr) { int count; byte bt = binr.ReadByte(); if (bt != 0x02) return 0; bt = binr.ReadByte(); if (bt == 0x81) count = binr.ReadByte(); else if (bt == 0x82) { byte highbyte = binr.ReadByte(); byte lowbyte = binr.ReadByte(); byte[] modint = { lowbyte, highbyte, 0x00, 0x00 }; count = BitConverter.ToInt32(modint, 0); } else count = bt; while (binr.ReadByte() == 0x00) count -= 1; binr.BaseStream.Seek(-1, SeekOrigin.Current); return count; } private static bool CompareBytearrays(byte[] a, byte[] b) { if (a.Length != b.Length) return false; int i = 0; foreach (byte c in a) { if (c != b[i]) return false; i++; } return true; } }} |
以上公钥私钥不可用，如需生成请使用“支付宝开放平台密钥工具”，官方下载链接：密钥工具下载 – 支付宝文档中心 (alipay.com)
以下是工具使用步骤：
第一步：选择RSA2算法，生成密钥
第二步：复制公钥，直接赋值给工具类变量“publicKey”，复制私钥，进行下一步使用
第三步：到“格式转换”栏，把私钥粘贴到“应用私钥”，点击“转换”，我们可以看到下边有“PKCS1”字样，这就是.net环境中RSA算法支持的私钥格式，复制“输出”，赋值给“privateKey”即可。
以上就是工具使用步骤，快来用最安全的对称加密算法加密你的内容吧！
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